@font-face{font-family:Space Grotesk Variable;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:300 700;src:url(/_astro/space-grotesk-vietnamese-wght-normal.D0rl6rjA.woff2) format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+0102-0103,U+0110-0111,U+0128-0129,U+0168-0169,U+01A0-01A1,U+01AF-01B0,U+0300-0301,U+0303-0304,U+0308-0309,U+0323,U+0329,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB}@font-face{font-family:Space Grotesk Variable;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:300 700;src:url(/_astro/space-grotesk-latin-ext-wght-normal.D9tNdqV9.woff2) format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+0100-02BA,U+02BD-02C5,U+02C7-02CC,U+02CE-02D7,U+02DD-02FF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:Space Grotesk Variable;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:300 700;src:url(/_astro/space-grotesk-latin-wght-normal.BhU9QXUp.woff2) format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}:root{color-scheme:dark;--bg: #05060a;--bg-2: #090b12;--surface: #0f121b;--surface-2: #151926;--line: #1d2232;--line-2: #2a3047;--text: #e8ecf4;--muted: #a6afc2;--dim: #737d95;--cyan: #00e8ff;--magenta: #ff2bd1;--violet: #8f7bff;--grad: linear-gradient(100deg, var(--cyan), var(--violet) 55%, var(--magenta));--radius: 14px;--max: 1160px;--prose: 70ch;--font-head: "Space Grotesk Variable", ui-sans-serif, system-ui, sans-serif;--font-body: ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;--step--1: clamp(.84rem, .82rem + .1vw, .9rem);--step-0: clamp(1rem, .97rem + .15vw, 1.08rem);--step-1: clamp(1.2rem, 1.12rem + .4vw, 1.4rem);--step-2: clamp(1.45rem, 1.3rem + .75vw, 1.9rem);--step-3: clamp(1.8rem, 1.5rem + 1.5vw, 2.7rem);--step-4: clamp(2.2rem, 1.7rem + 2.6vw, 3.8rem)}*,*:before,*:after{box-sizing:border-box}html{-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;text-size-adjust:100%;scroll-behavior:smooth}@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}}body{margin:0;background:var(--bg);color:var(--text);font-family:var(--font-body);font-size:var(--step-0);line-height:1.65;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}img,svg{max-width:100%;height:auto}a{color:var(--cyan);text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-underline-offset:.18em}a:hover{color:#7ff4ff}a:focus-visible,button:focus-visible,summary:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--magenta);outline-offset:3px;border-radius:4px}h1,h2,h3,h4{font-family:var(--font-head);font-weight:650;line-height:1.15;letter-spacing:-.01em;margin:0 0 .6em;text-wrap:balance}h1{font-size:var(--step-4);letter-spacing:-.025em}h2{font-size:var(--step-3)}h3{font-size:var(--step-1)}p{margin:0 0 1.1em}.skip{position:absolute;left:-9999px;top:0;background:var(--surface);color:var(--text);padding:.6rem 1rem;z-index:100}.skip:focus{left:1rem;top:1rem}.wrap{width:min(100% - 32px,var(--max));margin-inline:auto}.wrap-prose{width:min(100% - 32px,var(--prose));margin-inline:auto}.site-header{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:50;background:#05060adb;backdrop-filter:saturate(140%) blur(10px);-webkit-backdrop-filter:saturate(140%) blur(10px);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.site-header .wrap{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:1rem;min-height:68px}.brand{display:inline-flex;align-items:center}.brand img{height:38px;width:auto;display:block}.nav ul{list-style:none;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.2rem 1.15rem;margin:0;padding:0}.nav a{color:var(--muted);text-decoration:none;font-family:var(--font-head);font-size:.95rem;font-weight:500;padding:.35rem 0;position:relative}.nav a:hover,.nav a[aria-current=page]{color:var(--text)}.nav a[aria-current=page]:after{content:"";position:absolute;left:0;right:0;bottom:-2px;height:2px;background:var(--grad);border-radius:2px}.nav-mobile{display:none}.nav-mobile summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;color:var(--text);font-family:var(--font-head);border:1px solid var(--line-2);border-radius:999px;padding:.4rem .95rem;font-size:.95rem}.nav-mobile summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.nav-mobile ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:.6rem;position:absolute;right:16px;top:62px;background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--line-2);border-radius:var(--radius);min-width:220px;box-shadow:0 20px 50px #0000008c}.nav-mobile li a{display:block;padding:.55rem .8rem;color:var(--text);text-decoration:none;border-radius:8px}.nav-mobile li a:hover{background:var(--surface-2)}@media(max-width:1020px){.nav{display:none}.nav-mobile{display:block}}.site-footer{border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin-top:6rem;padding:3.5rem 0 2.5rem;background:var(--bg-2);color:var(--muted);font-size:var(--step--1)}.footer-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.4fr 1fr 1fr;gap:2.5rem}.footer-grid h2{font-size:.95rem;color:var(--text);margin-bottom:.8rem;letter-spacing:.02em}.footer-grid ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;display:grid;gap:.45rem}.footer-grid a{color:var(--muted);text-decoration:none}.footer-grid a:hover{color:var(--text)}.footer-brand img{height:36px;width:auto;margin-bottom:1rem}.footer-legal{margin-top:2.5rem;padding-top:1.5rem;border-top:1px solid var(--line);display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:space-between;gap:.8rem;color:var(--dim)}.footer-legal a{color:var(--muted)}@media(max-width:760px){.footer-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:2rem}}main{display:block}.eyebrow{display:inline-block;font-family:var(--font-head);font-size:.82rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--cyan);margin-bottom:1rem}.grad-text{background:var(--grad);-webkit-background-clip:text;background-clip:text;color:transparent}.lead{font-size:var(--step-1);color:var(--muted);line-height:1.55;max-width:62ch}.muted{color:var(--muted)}.small{font-size:var(--step--1)}.btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:.5rem;font-family:var(--font-head);font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;padding:.8rem 1.35rem;border-radius:999px;border:1px solid var(--line-2);color:var(--text);background:var(--surface);transition:border-color .2s,transform .2s}.btn:hover{border-color:var(--cyan);color:var(--text);transform:translateY(-1px)}.btn-primary{background:var(--grad);color:#06070c;border:0}.btn-primary:hover{color:#06070c;filter:brightness(1.08)}.btn-row{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.8rem;margin-top:1.8rem}.section{padding:5rem 0}.section-tight{padding:3rem 0}.section-head{max-width:760px;margin-bottom:2.6rem}.section-head p{color:var(--muted);font-size:var(--step-1)}.divider{height:1px;background:linear-gradient(90deg,transparent,var(--line-2),transparent);border:0;margin:0}.grid-3{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:1.2rem}.grid-2{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);gap:1.2rem}.grid-4{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:1.2rem}@media(max-width:960px){.grid-4{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}}@media(max-width:860px){.grid-3,.grid-2{grid-template-columns:1fr}}@media(max-width:520px){.grid-4{grid-template-columns:1fr}}.card{background:linear-gradient(180deg,var(--surface),var(--bg-2));border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);padding:1.6rem;position:relative;overflow:hidden}.card h3{margin-bottom:.5rem}.card p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.card .num{font-family:var(--font-head);font-size:.8rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.14em;color:var(--dim);text-transform:uppercase;display:block;margin-bottom:.9rem}.card-link{text-decoration:none;color:inherit;display:block;transition:border-color .2s,transform .2s}.card-link:hover{border-color:var(--line-2);transform:translateY(-2px);color:inherit}.card-link:hover h3{color:var(--cyan)}.card-accent:before{content:"";position:absolute;inset:0 0 auto;height:2px;background:var(--grad)}.hero{position:relative;padding:5.5rem 0 4.5rem;overflow:hidden}.hero:before{content:"";position:absolute;inset:-30% -10% auto auto;width:70vw;height:70vw;max-width:900px;max-height:900px;background:radial-gradient(closest-side,rgba(143,123,255,.16),rgba(0,232,255,.05) 55%,transparent);pointer-events:none}.hero-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.25fr .75fr;gap:3rem;align-items:center;position:relative}.hero-mark{justify-self:center;width:min(100%,380px);filter:drop-shadow(0 0 18px rgba(0,232,255,.35)) drop-shadow(0 0 30px rgba(255,43,209,.22))}.hero h1{margin-bottom:1.2rem}.hero .byline{margin-top:1.4rem;color:var(--dim);font-size:var(--step--1)}@media(max-width:860px){.hero{padding:3rem 0}.hero-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:2rem}.hero-mark{order:-1;width:190px;justify-self:start}}.chain{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr auto 1fr auto 1fr;gap:.8rem;align-items:stretch}.chain .arrow{align-self:center;color:var(--dim);font-size:1.6rem;font-family:var(--font-head)}.chain .card h3{font-size:var(--step-2)}.chain .verb{font-family:var(--font-head);font-weight:600;color:var(--cyan)}.chain-foot{margin-top:1.5rem;text-align:center;color:var(--muted);font-family:var(--font-head)}@media(max-width:860px){.chain{grid-template-columns:1fr}.chain .arrow{transform:rotate(90deg);justify-self:center}}.stat-band{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:1.2rem}.stat{border-left:2px solid var(--line-2);padding:.4rem 0 .4rem 1.2rem}.stat strong{display:block;font-family:var(--font-head);font-size:var(--step-3);line-height:1.1}.stat span{color:var(--muted);font-size:var(--step--1)}@media(max-width:760px){.stat-band{grid-template-columns:1fr}}.source-note{margin-top:1.6rem}.callout{border:1px solid var(--line-2);border-radius:var(--radius);padding:1.6rem 1.8rem;background:var(--surface);position:relative}.callout:before{content:"";position:absolute;left:0;top:0;bottom:0;width:3px;background:var(--grad);border-radius:3px 0 0 3px}.callout p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.callout-title{font-family:var(--font-head);font-weight:650;font-size:var(--step-1);margin-bottom:.5rem}.example{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:.5rem;font-family:var(--font-head)}.example span{background:var(--surface-2);border:1px solid var(--line-2);border-radius:999px;padding:.35rem .85rem}.example i{font-style:normal;color:var(--dim)}.author-card{display:grid;grid-template-columns:auto 1fr;gap:1.4rem;align-items:center}.author-card .badge{width:72px;height:72px;border-radius:50%;display:grid;place-items:center;font-family:var(--font-head);font-weight:700;font-size:1.3rem;background:var(--grad);color:#06070c}@media(max-width:520px){.author-card{grid-template-columns:1fr}}.page-head{padding:4rem 0 2.2rem;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);background:radial-gradient(80% 120% at 0% 0%,rgba(0,232,255,.06),transparent 60%)}.page-head h1{font-size:var(--step-4);max-width:22ch}.page-head .lead{margin-top:.4rem}.breadcrumbs{font-size:var(--step--1);color:var(--dim);margin-bottom:1.4rem}.breadcrumbs ol{list-style:none;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.4rem;margin:0;padding:0}.breadcrumbs li+li:before{content:"/";margin-right:.4rem;color:var(--line-2)}.breadcrumbs a{color:var(--muted);text-decoration:none}.breadcrumbs a:hover{color:var(--text)}.layout-aside{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 260px;gap:3.5rem;align-items:start}.aside{position:sticky;top:92px;font-size:var(--step--1)}.aside h2{font-size:.85rem;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--dim);margin-bottom:.8rem}.aside ol{margin:0;padding-left:1.1rem;display:grid;gap:.45rem}.aside a{color:var(--muted);text-decoration:none}.aside a:hover{color:var(--cyan)}@media(max-width:1020px){.layout-aside{grid-template-columns:1fr}.aside{display:none}}.prose{max-width:var(--prose)}.prose h2{font-size:var(--step-2);margin-top:2.6em;padding-top:.2em;scroll-margin-top:90px}.prose h3{margin-top:2em;scroll-margin-top:90px}.prose ul,.prose ol{padding-left:1.3rem;margin:0 0 1.2em}.prose li{margin-bottom:.45em}.prose li::marker{color:var(--cyan)}.prose strong{color:#fff}.prose blockquote{margin:1.8em 0;padding:.4em 0 .4em 1.3em;border-left:3px solid var(--magenta);font-family:var(--font-head);font-size:var(--step-1);color:var(--text)}.prose blockquote p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.prose hr{border:0;height:1px;background:var(--line-2);margin:2.5em 0}.prose table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;margin:1.5em 0 2em;font-size:var(--step--1);display:block;overflow-x:auto}.prose th,.prose td{text-align:left;padding:.7rem .8rem;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);vertical-align:top}.prose th{font-family:var(--font-head);color:var(--text);border-bottom-color:var(--line-2);white-space:nowrap}.prose code{font-size:.92em;background:var(--surface-2);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:6px;padding:.08em .35em}.prose pre{background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:10px;padding:1rem 1.2rem;overflow-x:auto;line-height:1.45}.prose pre code{background:none;border:0;padding:0}.prose .tldr{border:1px solid var(--line-2);border-radius:var(--radius);background:var(--surface);padding:1.3rem 1.5rem;margin:0 0 2.2em}.prose .tldr p:first-child{font-family:var(--font-head);font-weight:650;color:var(--cyan);margin-bottom:.4rem}.prose .tldr ul{margin-bottom:0}.prose figure{margin:2em 0}.prose figcaption{color:var(--dim);font-size:var(--step--1);margin-top:.6rem}.prose .sources{font-size:var(--step--1);color:var(--muted)}.article-meta{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.5rem 1.2rem;color:var(--dim);font-size:var(--step--1);margin-top:1.2rem}.article-meta a{color:var(--muted)}.tags{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.4rem;margin-top:2.5rem;padding:0;list-style:none}.tags li{font-size:.8rem;border:1px solid var(--line-2);border-radius:999px;padding:.2rem .7rem;color:var(--muted)}.faq details{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:1.1rem 0}.faq summary{cursor:pointer;font-family:var(--font-head);font-weight:600;font-size:var(--step-1);list-style:none;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:1rem}.faq summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.faq summary:after{content:"+";color:var(--cyan);font-size:1.4rem;line-height:1}.faq details[open] summary:after{content:"–"}.faq details p{margin:.9rem 0 0;color:var(--muted);max-width:75ch}.post-list{display:grid;gap:1.2rem}.post-card{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr auto;gap:1rem;align-items:end}.post-card .meta{color:var(--dim);font-size:var(--step--1);margin-bottom:.5rem}.post-card p{color:var(--muted)}.post-card .go{font-family:var(--font-head);color:var(--cyan);white-space:nowrap}@media(max-width:640px){.post-card{grid-template-columns:1fr}}.diagram{display:block;margin:0 auto}.diagram text{font-family:var(--font-head)}.notfound{padding:7rem 0;text-align:center}.notfound img{width:140px;margin-bottom:2rem}.btn-center{justify-content:center}